Page 32 - FLI 2013 - 4th Quarter
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32
FUELS & LUBES INTERNATIONAL
Quarter Four 2013
lubricants (EFLs) or bio-lubricants.
Figure 1 gives a schematic
representation of the manner in
which a lubricant is manufactured.
Basically, it consists of two steps in
which the base stock and the addi-
tives are evaluated in terms of de-
sign and performance parameters.
These include, but are not limited
to, factors such as biodegradability,
pour point, stability, wear protec-
tion, toxicity and so forth.
The above process is generic
in nature and is used for both
conventional as well as EAL manu-
facturing. Base oils used in typical
EALs include a number of prod-
ucts, such as water soluble poly
alkylene glycol (PAG), vegetable
oils and synthetic esters. Additives
are used to further enhance their
properties to suit the required
purpose.
Functional Benefits
EALs have several operational
advantages over their conventional
counterparts, and some of these
are listed as follows:
They have nearly 2-4 times the
lubricity, which means better wet-
ting and less friction, leading to
lesser wear and tear.
This in turn leads to the im-
proved life span of components in
which these lubricants are used.
They can be used over a wider
range of temperature, as their
viscosity doesn’t vary sharply with
temperature gradient.
They produce less mist, which
means they are safer for workers
to use.
Table 2 gives a relative compar-
ison of different types of EAL base
oils with conventional or mineral
base oils in terms of biodegrad-
ability, cost, stability and so forth.
It can be seen that except for the
cost factor, most other parameters
are quite impressive. The first three
are EAL base oils while the last
column represents conventional
mineral base oil.
使用。
他们所产生的油雾小，因此对
使用这些产品的工人更安全。
表2为不同类别的EAL基础油
与常规或矿物基础油在生物可降
解性、成本、稳定性等方面的比
较。可以看到，除了成本因素以
外，其他大部分参数均优于常规润
滑油。表中前三栏是EAL基础油，
最后一栏是常规矿物基基础油。
经济方面
虽然存在优势和其他各种好
处，但最终，任何技术的大规模
采纳都取决于成本。事实上，生物
润滑油的初始成本高于常规润滑
油，但考虑上述的那些优点，这也
是可行的选择。具体需要考虑的
因素如：
常规润滑油不具生物可降解性；
因此，其废油的处置也有相应的
成本。
更低的摩擦、更长的成分寿命
可以直接降低机械设备的成本和
大修成本，包括零部件成本和人
工成本。
需担心的问题
除了成本以外，在轴管等处使
用时，还有一些需要考虑的问题。
性能 Canola oil
合成酯
PAG 矿物油
PMPTO Sat/Com
生物可降解性 优秀 极好 好-极好 好 一般
润滑性 优秀 极好 好-极好 极好 好
稳定性：
氧化稳定性
热稳定性
液压稳定性
差
一般
差
一般
好
一般
极好
极好
好
好
好
好
极好
好
极好
粘度指数 极好 极好 极好 极好 一般
低温性能 差 好 好 好 好
密封兼容性 一般 一般 一般 好 极好
相对成本 X 2
X 4
X 6-8
X 4
1
Performance Canola oil
Synthetic esters
PAG Mineral oil
TMPTO Sat/Com
Biodegradability
Excellent
Very good Good
�
Very good
Good Moderate
Lubrication
Excellent
Very good Very good Very good Good
Stability:
oxidative
Poor
Moderate Very good Good Very good
thermal
Moderate
Good
Very good Good
Good
hydrolytic
Poor
Moderate
Good
Good Very good
Viscosity Index
Very good Very good Very good Very good Moderate
LowTemperature
Poor
Good
Good
Good
Good
Seal
Compatibility
Moderate Moderate Moderate
Good Very good
Relative Cost
x 2
x 4
x 6-8
x 4
1
Table 2:
EAL Base Oils vs. Mineral Base Oils
表2：
EAL基础油与矿物基基础油的比较
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The economic
perspective
Irrespective of their advantages
and other benefits, at the end of
the day, costs play a major role in
large-scale adoption of any tech-
nology. It is a fact that bio-lubri-
cants cost more than conventional
lubricants up front; but consider-
ing other factors in conjunction
with the previously listed advan-
tages, they are certainly a viable
option, considering that:
Conventional lubricants are not
biodegradable; hence there are
additional costs associated with the
safe disposal of used oils.
Reduced friction and longer life
of components indirectly reduces
costs of machinery and overhaul-
ing, both in terms of components
and associated man-hours.
Areas of concern
Apart from the cost fac-
tor, there are still reservations
about their use in places such as
stern tubes. Original Equipment
Manufacturers (OEMs) have their
reservations about recommend-
ing EALs, instead of conventional
