34
F+L Week 2015 | 10-13 March 2015
invitedby theColombiangovernment to help
develop a biodiesel technology, which includes
an automated system for methanol reaction
and treatment, aswell aswater dehydration
technology.
Vichai haswrittenmany technical articles
for industrial magazines and lecturedon
lubrication engineering and tribology, aswell as
numerous other areas related tomanufacturing.
FattyAminesasFriction
Modifiers
Tuesday 10 March 16:00 | 16:45
SARAH LUNDGREN
AkzoNobel SurfaceChemistry
Fuel economy is a major target for the
lubricant industry. In its broadest sense, fuel
economy is the reduction of fuel consump-
tion. This can be achieved by different means
such as increased combustion efficiency
and reduction of friction in the engine and
transmission. Reduction of the friction or
power loss in the engine can be made by
the addition of friction modifiers (FM) to the
oil. The most common FMs are the inorganic
Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and
glycerol mono oleate (GMO). An alternative to
these two are the organic fatty amines, which,
unlike MoDTC, contain only NOCH and result
in low Sulphated Ash, Phosphorous and
Sulphur (SAPS).
For years, amine surfactants, such as primary
amines, ethoxlyated amines and polyam-
ines have been used as frictionmodifiers in
lubricating oils. This workshopwill focus on
the use of fatty amines as frictionmodifiers in
lubricating oils andwill include topics such
as: friction of fatty amines in combinationwith
zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and, with
MoDTC, the relationship between the chemical
structure of fatty amines and friction perfor-
mance, as well as current theories on how fatty
amines adsorb and pack at the surface.
There are also challenges when using fatty
amines in lubricating oils. For example, even
though fatty amines are used as corrosion
inhibitors, they may also cause corrosion.
This side effect is particularly encountered as
copper and lead leaching. It is widely known
that there are issues with seal compatibility
when using amines. These two topics will also
be covered during the workshop.
Sarah Lundgren receivedher
PhD in 2008 in surface
chemistry at the Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm, with
the topic “Fatty Acids inAlkane
Solutions: Adsorption andTribology.” Sarah
was then aMarieCurie postdoctoral fellowat
TrinityCollege, Dublin, Ireland, andwith Shell
Global Solutions, U.K., with the research topic of
frictionmodifiers in lubricatingoils. Since 2011,
she hasworked at AkzoNobel Surface
Chemistry in Sweden as a research chemist in
the area of lubricants and fuels.
MolybdenumDisulfide
InLubricantApplications–
AReview
Tuesday 10 March 16:45 | 17:30
YAKOV EPSHTEYN
ClimaxMolybdenum
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) occurs
naturally and is a recovered form of the
mineral Molybdenite, which is the most
common naturally occurring molybdenum
compound.
Molybdenum disulfide possesses a
layer/lattice crystal structure and exhibits
low cohesive forces between lamellae of
MoS2 as well as excellent adherence to
most solid substrates. Since the coefficient
of friction between lamellae is much lower
compared to the coefficient of friction
between a lamella and a solid substrate,
MoS2 provides exceptionally low friction
performance.
Molybdenum disulfide is one of the
best-known solid lubricants, and although
it originally gained popularity in aero-
space and military applications, it is now
commonly found in a variety of lubrication
applications. It is widely used in greases
and specialised grease-like products
known as pastes, in fluid lubricants, such
as automotive and industrial gear oils, and
in solid film lubricants including but not
limited to burnished (rubbed-on) films,
sputtered coatings, resin bonded and
impingement coatings.
This paper reviews the properties of
MoS2 including physical and chemical
properties, electrical properties, effects of
