Page 10 - Fuels & Lubes International Q2 2013

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using the engine oil life system in GM vehicles. Lastly, through
education and promotion, aid in reducing the use of universal
engine oils, which could pose issues that can result in warranty
claims.”
GM is targeting implementation of the next-generation dexos™
by mid-2015. “It is a bit aggressive in terms of timing,” she said.
“However, we feel that we can successfully meet this timing and
have a successful product.” GM is currently developing new tests for
dexos1™ for spark-ignited gasoline engines and dexos2™ for small-
displacement diesel engines.
Among the new tests is a fuel economy test. “We do not think Sequence
VIE is going to be enough,” Willis said. She added that GM is currently developing a
single fuel economy test for both dexos1™ and dexos2™. “By summer, we will have a better idea what
the procedure will be.”
other tests being developed are an oxidation test, which has been offered to the industry
as a replacement for the Sequence IIIG; an aeration test, which uses a V8 engine; a turbo deposit
test, which was based on a vehicle fuel issue discovered “while we were developing a particular
powertrain; and, a low-speed pre-ignition test, which is different from the one being developed by
Ford, using a unique data acquisition system.”
Willis also described the other tests being developed for these standards. All these tests are
listed in Table 1.
She also described the growing market penetration of dexos™ since its launch in 2009. “In 2010,
we were struggling. We only had four major suppliers obtaining licenses for dexos™. Now we have
14 majors; only four other majors have not signed up,” she said. Total licensed product count now
stands at nearly 200, she said.
Willis also discussed the licensing process for dexos™, which included license execution and
product licensing. The process takes a month altogether, from the time of expression of interest by
the oil marketer to product licensing and listing at the dexos™ website. She said GM is also working
on streamlining the licensing process.
Heavy-duty enGine oil ProPosed CateGory 11
Lubricants have to change each time engines change, so that the lubricant performs its
function despite changing engine working conditions, points out Dan Arcy, who is the New
Category Development Team (NCDT) chairman for Proposed Category 11 (PC-11). Arcy is global
oEM technical manager at Shell Global Solutions in Westhollow, Texas. GHG emission standards
新发现的汽车燃油问题；“一个低速提前点火测试，
与福特正在开发的那个不同，我们采用了一种独特的
数据收集系统。”
Willis还介绍了与这些标准相关的其他正在开发
的测试。所有这些测试见表1。
她也介绍了自2009年推出dexos™以来在市场
上的表现。“在2010年，我们有点困难，只有四家主
要供应商获得了dexos™的证书。现在我们已有14家
供应商取得了证书；只有四家还没有认证，”她说。取
得认证的产品已有近200种。
Willis同时介绍了dexos™的认证程序，包括认证
执行和产品认证。从油品制造商表达对此认证感兴趣
开始到产品认证和列入dexos™网站，这个流程约需1
个月的时间。她说GM正在简化认证流程。
重荷发动机油建议类别11（PC-11）
建议类别11的新类别开发小组（NCDT）主席
Dan Arcy指出，每次发动机变化后润滑油也要跟
着变，这样润滑油才能在发动机不同的工况下起作
用。Arcy是位于德州Westhollow的壳牌全球解决方
案的全球OEM技术经理。他说，现在的温室气体排放
标准将着重于降低重荷汽车的碳排放，特别是在前几
年成功地把氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物排放降低到可
忽略的水平后，这是2014-2017年间的重点。
他进一步描述了新类别开发流程的三个阶段。它
们分别是：提出类别要求/评估，类别开发和类别实
施。在这整个过程中有不同的组织介入，包括美国石
油学会（API）/发动机制造商协会（EMA）柴油发动
机油顾问组（DEOAP）、美国化学学会（ACC）和国
际ASTM。
Arcy还介绍了针对PC-11正在开发一些测试，部
分测试借用了目前的API CJ-4类别。具体测试清单见
表2和表3。
目前，NCDP正在定义该类别的性能，最终确定
新的和现有测试的限值，并正在为一些不能向后兼容
Table 1: Tests being developed for GM
dexos1™ and dexos2™
dexos1™ dexos2™
GM Oxidation Test
(GM is offering this test to replace
Sequence IIIG)
GM Oxidation Test
GM V8 Engine Aeration Test
(uses dated V8 engine to resolve
observed aeration issues)
GM V8 Engine
Aeration Test
GM Slow Speed Pre-ignition Test
(Different from Ford GF-6 industry
test)
GM Slow Speed
Pre-ignition Test
GM Turbo Deposit Test
(1.6 L Turbo, close to completion)
GM Turbo Deposit
Test
SAE Material Upgrade to
Elastomer Testing
GM Europe Oil
Release Test OP2
GM Europe Oil Release Test
(Upgrading OP1 to OP2)
Biodiesel
Compatibility Test
Vehicle Fuel Economy Test Vehicle Fuel
Economy Test
Table 2: Tests being developed for PC-11
Parameter PC-11 Tests
Oxidation Stability • Caterpillar Nitrogen/Oxidation Test
• Chrysler Oxidation Test
• GM Oxidation Test
• Robo Test
• ACEA Glassware
• Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter
Aeration Caterpillar Engine Oil Aeration Test
• Still under development
• CAT C-13 Engine
• ULSD Fuel
• 1800 rpm, no load, 90°C Coolant temperature
Scuffing/Adhesive Wear Daimler/Detroit Diesel DD13 Engine
• 200 hours target
• 510 hp max
• Liner scuffing evaluation
Shear Stability • Task force to develop test
• Extended cycle shear test being considered
• Field trials in progress
FUELS & LUBES INTERNATIONAL Quarter Two 2013 10