EPA finalises risk evaluation for formaldehyde under TSCA

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released its final risk evaluation for formaldehyde under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The evaluation identifies formaldehyde as posing an unreasonable risk to human health, particularly to workers and consumers, due to its widespread use and varied sources of exposure.

Formaldehyde is extensively used in industrial processes, including petrochemical manufacturing, petroleum products, lubricating oils, greases, and fuel additives. It is also a critical component in adhesives, sealants, paints, and coatings, particularly in industries like aerospace and construction. These applications significantly contribute to health risks, as workers and consumers are exposed through inhalation and skin contact, especially during processing and use of new products.

The EPA evaluation examined 63 specific conditions of use, determining that 58 of these, including occupational and consumer applications, present unreasonable risks. Industrial applications, such as the manufacturing of lubricants, lubricant additives, and other petroleum-based products, were highlighted as key contributors. Consumer products, including automotive care items, lubricants, greases, and fuels, also pose risks, particularly due to short-term inhalation and dermal exposure.

Acute exposure to formaldehyde can cause sensory irritation, while chronic exposure has been linked to respiratory issues, reduced lung function, and cancer. Communities living near facilities that release formaldehyde into the air may also face elevated risks. However, EPA noted that ongoing and future regulatory measures under TSCA and the Clean Air Act are expected to address these concerns.

While environmental risks were not identified as significant, the EPA plans to propose new rules to protect workers and consumers from the chemical’s adverse effects, building on existing regulations.